EXPERIMENTAL IMPLEMENTATION OF RAMAN SCATTERING SPECTROSCOPY, PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AND SOME OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES CREATED BY ECO-FRIENDLY TECHNIQUE

The object of research is studying Raman scattering technique, photoluminescence and some optical properties of silver nanoparticles created by eco-friendly technique which independent on a long time, effort, energy and high temperatures, and with the highest adsorption capacity in order to achieve a high inhibition to paralyze the activity of the bacterial wall, by achieving the highest surface plasmon resonance (SRR). Silver nanoparticles were prepared using Matricaria Flower extract. Characterization of silver nanoparticles and detection of their effectiveness against microbial using two types of bacteria (Escherichia Coli and Staphylococcus aureus), these nanoparticles were measured using a number of measurements, X-ray diffraction measurement, Energy Dispersion (EDX), (FESEM), U–V Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Photoluminescence (PL) properties of silver nanoparticle at room temperature and Raman scattering spectroscopy were investigated. The Scherrer’s equation was used to calculate the crystallite size of Silver nanoparticles, the average crystallite size is 48.64 nm. The PL spectra of silver nanoparticles exhibit two emission bands: one is in the UV region 350 nm and the other is in the visible region 650 nm. This is roughly identical to the absorption spectrum results. The antimicrobial activity was tested against gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) and gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus). Prepared Ag NPs exhibited inhibitory activity in both types of bacteria strains at best selectivity against gram-negative bacteria. An eco-friendly technique is used for synthesizing technique to produce silver nanoparticles with the expected best application properties. These research results suitable to be use the Silver nanoparticles in sensors and many electronic, electrical, medical and biological applications.


Introduction
Nano-science is known as the science of nanomaterials. It is a new field of researchers dealing with nanoparticles with a diameter of less than 100 nm. Nanotechnology is widely used in medicinal chemistry, physics and other fields. Materials whose crystal size is less than 100 nm are called nanocrystals [1]. Nanotechnology has led to great advances in the field of biomedicine, like drug delivery, and check the structure of DNA [2]. Nanoparticles are great importance in nanotechnology, as it shows new properties of matter, its primary function is biological extermination, Physics and Astronomy which adds to its antimicrobial properties [3]. These particles have many applications in many fields, including chemical stimulation, photosynthesis, antimicrobials, and detection of diseases, clothes, food packaging, anti-wounds, and biomedical products [4]. There are several methods for preparing silver nanoparticles, chemical method, physical and biological, and that the biological method is one of the best ways to synthesize silver nanoparticles, because it does not leave toxic substances, the fastest and the safest way, the materials obtained in this way are characterized by high purity, good electron conductivity, chemical stability, and high motivational effectiveness [5]. It is anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory and anti-virus studies have shown that it is difficult to completely remove silver if it is deposited in the body. and through the numerous studies conducted on humans and animals. It was found that nanosilver, can be excreted through hair, faces and urine significantly [6]. The paper [7] presents the results of research on «Phytomediated Photo-Induced Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Matricaria chamomilla L. and ITS CATALYTIC ACTIVITY against Rhodamine». The study of the bio-fabrication of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was carried out through the facile green route, using the aqueous extract of Matricaria chamomilla. But there were unresolved issues related to the studying of optical properties and some important application such as antibacterial activity. The reason for this may be the objective difficulties associated with the studying techniques, cost part in terms of device of studying techniques, which makes relevant research impractical, etc. A way to overcome these difficulties can be to use easy studying techniques. This approach was used in [2]. All this suggests that it is advisable to conduct a study on the cost of the studying techniques. The papers [8,9] present the results of research on plant mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles using some extracts plants The syntheses of Ag nanoparticles are shown. But there were unresolved issues related to the type of application used. The reason for this may be the objective difficulties associated with the type of applications, which makes relevant research impractical, etc. A way to overcome these difficulties can be to use specific application such as biological application and antibacterial activity. This approach was used in [10]. All this suggests that it is advisable to conduct a study on experimental studying of some optical properties of silver nanoparticles created by eco-friendly technique.
The relevance of the research goal is experimental implementation of Raman scattering spectroscopy, photoluminescence and studying of some optical properties of silver nanoparticles which synthesized from Matricaria flower extract by eco-friendly method that does not require much effort and long time. It is a safe, economical and inexpensive method. All these features made it one of the most desirable techniques for synthesizing nanoparticles such as silver nanoparticles. Raman scattering technique and photoluminescence experiments were carried out in order to study the optical emission of silver nanoparticles which arises from the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) predicated on the collective oscillation of conduction electrons created by an electromagnetic field [7]. Let's expect these results will useful trial to use metal-enhanced fluorescence or Raman scattering spectra in different application such as biosensing and optoelectronics. The synthesized silver nanoparticles present antibacterial activity antimicrobial activities against some kinds of bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aurous. Advantages of utilizing green synthesis is that it is energy effective, cost efficient, saving human health and surroundings. This green synthesis method could be considered instead of classical chemical and physical methods and therefore has a potential applications in many field such as biomedical and medical applications. The critical analysis of the existing problem, which the research is aimed at solving is synthesis of silver nanoparticles using extracts plants and studying of some their optical properties and using it as antibacterial activity. The direction should the study be developed is synthesis of silver nanoparticles by plant extracts has emerged as a promising field of research due to certain advantages compared to other methods. extract plant is regarded as a material promising to created and synthesis silver nanoparticles with economic and safe method and using it in study of optical properties with easy use in antibacterial activity.

Materials and methods
The experiment was conducted with the use of eco-friendly method. Matricaria flowers plant were used to synthesized silver nanoparticles. The morphology and structural analysis of the prepared silver nanoparticles has been carried out by XRD, FESEM, FTIR. The optical absor-

Physics and Astronomy
bance spectra of silver colloidal solution was measured using a PerkinlEmer Lambda 1.1 UV-Vis Spectrphotometer.
The Raman experiments were carried out using a Joibin-Ywon XplorE setup. The excitation laser beam 532 nm was focused onto the sample through the 100X lens of a confocal microscope. The laser power was 150 mw and the Raman spectra were measured with an accumulation time of 15 s. The photoluminescence measurements were carried out at room temperature using a PerkinlEmer spectrophotometer (L.S05) with a pulsed ultraviolet He-Cd laser source at a 325 nm excitation wavelength.
The experimental procedures is follow scientific steps, there is: 1. Initialization of the plant extract: Matricaria flowers plant were collected, washed with water, dried and ground well.
2. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles: weighed about 200 gm of the plant, then 100 ml of ethanol was added to it, and left at room temperature for one day. After 24 hour the mixture was filtered by means of apiece of gauze and then 200 ml of the filtrate was taken and 800 ml of silver nitrate solution was added to it. It was placed in a closed bottle, and the color of the solution changed from light brown to dark brown, and this is evidence of the formation of silver nanoparticles. The change was evidence by the Fig. 1, a, b, because of excitation of surface plasmon vibrations. Where a -represent the plant extract and b -it represents the extract after adding silver nitrate to it and converting it to ananoscale Matricaria flower extract solutions after completion of the reaction in silver nanoparticles [7].
The inherent limitations in this study are include to use the type medium of plant to created silver nanoparticles where the ethanol medium is better than of water medium of plant.
3. Characterization: The structural analysis of the prepared silver nanoparticles has been carried out by X-ray diffractometer XRD (PANalytical unit using software X'Pert°Pro3) equipped with Cu-Kα radiation of wavelength = 1.5406A° at accelerating voltage 30 kV. The corresponding ligand coordination and functional groups of powders and prepared films were analyzed by FTIR Perkin Elmer Spectrum Version 10.4.00 FTIR Spectrophotometer in the region 500-4000 cm -1 . The morphology and size distribution of AgNPs were investigated using S-3700N FESEM Field Emission Scaning Electron Microscopy (EESEM). The optical absorbance spectrum of colloidal solution was acquired using a Perkin-Elmer Lambda 11 UV/Vis Spectrophotometer. The Raman experiments were carried out using a Joibin-Ywon XplorE setup. The excitation laser beam 532 nm was focused onto the sample through the 100X lens of a confocal microscope.The laser power was 150 mw and the Raman spectra were measured with an accumulation time of 15 s. The photoluminescence measurements were carried out at room temperature using a PerkinlEmer spectrophotometer (L.S05) with a pulsed ultraviolet He-Cd laser source at a 325 nm excitation wavelength.

a b
Original Research Article: full paper (2021), «EUREKA: Physics and Engineering» Number 6

Results and discussion
After the addition of AgNO 3 to the extract plant solution of Matricaria flower, the color of the solution changes from highlight to brown indicating the formation of silver nanoparticles. The morphology and structural analysis of the prepared silver nanoparticles has been carried out by FESEM, XRD, FTIR. The optical absorbance spectra of silver colloidal solution was measured using. UV-visible spectrascopy. Raman scattering technique and photoluminescence experiments were carried out in order to study the optical emission of silver nanoparticles: A. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The FESEM measurement depicts the surfaces of prepared materials with high magnification and high resolution. It shows the particle size and shape of the sample used. The results of a field Emission Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the silver nanoparticles were oval and scattered on the surface of the licorice root extract, as well the emergence of large silver nanoparticles formed due to the gathering of small particles, as shown in the Fig. 2. It shows that the size of AgNPS (32.55-70.55) nm, with average size 45.98 nm in Matricaria flower plant.

Fig. 2. FESEM image of silver nanoparticles
Uv-visible spectroscopy. Uv-visible spectroscopy of the plant extract was measured with a UV-1800 series spectrophotometer at are solution of (0-1) nm. It is a widely used technique for characterization nanoparticles using matricaria flower extract.
The addition of Matricaria flowers extract to silver nitrate solution resulted in color change of the solution due to the production of silver nanoparticles the SPR of silver nanoparticles produced a peak centered near 350 nm for extract it was measured by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, the Fig. 3 shows that [11]. FTIR analysis. FTIR spectra are used in the identification of biomolecules for capping and stabilizing the AgNPS. FTIR spectra of the silver nanoparticles given in the below Fig. 7 exhibited peaks at 3667.98 cm -1 , 3554.23 cm -1 , 3467.77 cm -1 , 1455.52 cm -1 and 1384.79 cm -1 result from stretching of the O-H hydroxyl group, C=O which reveals that the water soluble heterocyclic components, and CH 3 . Fig. 4 shows the FTIR analysis spectrum of Matricaria flowers extract showed in the Table 1. Raman Scattering Technique. Raman microscopy system used in the current work is equipped with laser wavelengths at 532 nm, it was used to higher quality spectra with a shorter time using 532 nm wavelength laser. Laser beam in the range of 0.1-1.5 mW was focused on a spot of diameter 3 μm. Raman spectrum excited with 532 nm laser line, Raman spectrum of silver nanoparticles was investigated at excitation wavelength the additional Raman peaks at about 1455, 3603, and 3557 cm -1 are found this is roughly identical to the FTIR spectra of the silver nanoparticles. The Raman spectra of silver nanoparticles were appear in Fig. 5 at room temperature.

Physics and Astronomy
Study of Photoluminescence properties spectra. Photoluminescence is a prevalent spectroscopic technique to execute emission studies on metal particle systems. It shows emissions intensity about 200 to 900 nm as displayed in Fig. 6. Compound colloidal silver nanoparticles were found to be photoluminescence. Photoluminescence spectra obtained from the synthesized AgNPS were done at room temperature were shown in Fig. 6. It's clear from Fig. 6 the Photoluminescence emission peak and UV-visible peak appear at the same wave length.The visible luster of silver nanoparticles had been studied earlier and due to the excitation of the electron from occupied levels to states higher than the Fermi level [13]. The PL spectra of silver nanoparticles exhibit two emission bands: one is in the UV region 350 nm and the other is in the visible region 650 nm.
Antibacterial activity of Matricaria Chamomilla flowers extract and silver nanoparticles. The plants antibacterial activity and silver nanoparticles synthesized Matricaria flowers were completed by agar diffusion method. The inhibitory effect of AgNPS was studied using an alcoholic extract of Matricaria flowers against two types of bacteria (Escherichia Coli and Staphylococcus aurous). The maximum region of inhibition for extract against E. Coli is 11 nm. And the maximum region of inhibition for silver nanoparticles is 12 nm. The maximum region of inhibition for extract against Staphylococcus aurous is 9 nm. And the maximum region of inhibition for silver nanoparticles is 11 nm. Against Staphylococcus aurous en handing effectiveness of the Matricaria flowers due to the presence of a number of effective chemical compounds such as flavonoids, carboy drates, proteins, and others. The reason for the difference in the effect of bacterial with plant extracts is due to the difference in the chemical structural of the cell wall and the silver nanoparticles are also associated with the negative charges of the cell wall and its break down, as well as mutating proteins and then the death of the cell [2,14]. Fig. 7 shows antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles for both types of bacteria. Physics and Astronomy Staphylococcus aurous bacteria appears more resistant for silver nano particles than Escherichia Coli bacteria due to the difference in the chemical structural of the cell wall.

Conclusions
Green synthesis technology of silver nanoparticles present an easy, efficient, clean, non-toxic and eco-friendly method. A different of plant extracts can be used for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles and other metals nanoparticles. An easy green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Matricaria flowers extract at room temperature was successfully synthesized. Easy green approach for the synthesis supplying a cost efficient and an effective way for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles.
The optical properties were studied in the wavelength range of (200-900) nm. These results suitable to be use the silver nanoparticles in sensors and many electronic, electrical and medical applications. In this work, it is noticed that the PL spectra of silver nanoparticles exhibit two emission bands: one is in the UV region 350 nm and the other is in the visible region 650 nm which are related to the surface plasmon resonance properties. This is roughly identical to the absorption spectrum results. Raman spectroscopy measurements of Ag showed a strong band located at 1455, 3603, and 3557 cm -1 this is roughly identical to the FTIR spectra of the silver nanoparticles. Let's expect these results will useful trial to use metal-enhanced Photoluminescence or Raman scattering spectra in different application such as bio sensing and opto electronics. The synthesized silver nanoparticles present antibacterial activity antimicrobial activities against some kinds of bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aurous. Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles shows the resistant of Staphylococcus aurous bacteria for inhibition than the Escherichia Coli bacteria due to the difference in the chemical structural of the cell wall. Advantages of utilizing green synthesis is that it is energy effective, cost efficient, saving human health and surroundings. This green synthesis method could be considered instead of classical chemical and physical methods and therefore has a potential applications in many field such as biomedical and medical applications.