Critical stress evaluation of rigid pavement due to the presence of water in expansive soil subgrade
Abstract
The use of various types of rigid pavement is widespread because of its superiority in resisting heavy load vehicles. However, traffic loading complexity and subgrade response cause uncertainty during the design process. The presence of water in expansive soil issue swelling affected the flexural behavior of a rigid pavement slab. Rigid pavement relies heavily on the support and stability of the subgrade. Plain concrete is very weak in resisting tensile stresses so that the failure of rigid pavement slab structures often occurs in the expansive subgrade zone. Therefore, this study aims to numerically analyze the relationship between variations in the thickness of rigid pavement slabs on the flexural behavior parameters, such as critical and tensile stresses that affected water in expansive soil. The concrete’s performance limit was determined, using its material’s constitutive equation curve, and the data were analyzed using the finite element method. The results showed that the presence of water in expansive soil caused a change in soil volume (swelling), a reduction in soil bearing capacity (shrinking), and consequently, a rigid pavement cracked due to water variations in the subgrade. Generally, increasing the thickness of rigid pavement is a common method for mitigating the detrimental effects of expansive soil swelling. It is possible to provide reinforcement in other forms, which provide an opportunity to improve the performance of the concrete slab as a rigid pavement. For example, stabilization of expansive soil with materials capable of reducing its expansive power can be done but it requires large resources to realize it. Another method is to provide reinforcement to the rigid pavement slab structure, so that the rigid pavement slab is able to withstand traffic loads and also the expansion and shrinkage behavior of the expansive soil
Downloads
References
Sawant, V. A., Norazzlina, M. S. (2017). Flexural stress analysis of rigid pavements using axi-symmetric and plane strain fem. ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development, 24 (4), 443–451. doi: https://doi.org/10.29037/ajstd.218
Wibowo, Setyawan, A., Yusep, M. P., Setiawan, B., Muandululman, F. F., Setiawan, A. G., Prabowo, G. R. A. (2021). The Evaluation of Deflection and Tensile Stress in Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement for a Damaged Road. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1912 (1), 012057. doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1912/1/012057
Prawesti, P., Suhendro, B., Hapsoro, S. (2019). Evaluation of rigid pavement on apron of terminal 3 Soekarno-Hatta International Airport using finite element method. MATEC Web of Conferences, 270, 03005. doi: https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927003005
Puri, A. (2019). Validating the curve of displacement factor due to full scale of one pile row nailed-slab pavement system. International Journal of GEOMATE, 17 (59). doi: https://doi.org/10.21660/2019.59.65815
Gaedicke, C., Roesler, J., Evangelista, F. (2012). Three-dimensional cohesive crack model prediction of the flexural capacity of concrete slabs on soil. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 94, 1–12. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2012.04.029
Liu, W., Fwa, T. F. (2007). Nine-slab model for jointed concrete pavements. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 8 (4), 277–306. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10298430500539555
Deshmukh, A., Rabbani, A., Dhapekar, N. K., Bhatt, G. (2017). Design of rigid pavement: Hypothesis. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), 8 (6), 450–456. Available at: https://iaeme.com/MasterAdmin/Journal_uploads/IJCIET/VOLUME_8_ISSUE_6/IJCIET_08_06_049.pdf
Afrianto, A., Setyawan, A., Setiawan, B., Wibowo, W. (2022). Crack Pattern Analysis of Plain Concrete Pavement due to Swelling Pressure on Expansive Soil. Civil Engineering and Architecture, 10 (1), 144–151. doi: https://doi.org/10.13189/cea.2022.100113
Wu, X. (2020). The influence of temperature and water content on the behavior of soils. International Journal of GEOMATE, 18 (70). doi: https://doi.org/10.21660/2020.70.9439
Setiawan, D. M. (2020). The role of temperature differential and subgrade quality on stress, curling, and deflection behavior of rigid pavement. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials, 29 (1), 94–105. doi: https://doi.org/10.1515/jmbm-2020-0010
Kim, S.-M., Cho, Y. K., Lee, J. H. (2020). Advanced reinforced concrete pavement: Concept and design. Construction and Building Materials, 231, 117130. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117130
Kumar, S., Ramachandran, S., Barathidason, P. (2020). Flexural Behavior of Ferrocement panel and investigation of Pavement as Ultra-Thin Overlay. EasyChair. Available at: https://easychair.org/publications/preprint_open/LXNl
Gaedicke, C., Roesler, J. (2009). Fracture-based method to determine the flexural load capacity of concrete slabs. University of Ilinois. Available at: https://www.academia.edu/21167624/FRACTURE_BASED_METHOD_TO_DETERMINE_THE_FLEXURAL_LOAD_CAPACITY_OF_CONCRETE_SLABS
Sadeghi, V., Hesami, S. (2018). Investigation of load transfer efficiency in jointed plain concrete pavements (JPCP) using FEM. International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, 11 (3), 245–252. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijprt.2017.10.001
Sudjianto, A. T., Suryolelono, K. B., Rifa, A., Mochtar, I. B. (2011). The Effect of Water Content Change and Variation Suction in Behavior Swelling of Expansive Soil. IJMME: International Journal of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, 11 (03).
Zaika, Y. (2017). The estimation of bearing capacity and swell potential of deep soil mixing on expansive soil by small scale model test. International Journal of GEOMATE, 13 (38). doi: https://doi.org/10.21660/2017.38.6527
Udukumburage, R. S. (2019). Laboratory based parametric study on the swell responses in expansive vertosols. International Journal of GEOMATE, 17 (64). doi: https://doi.org/10.21660/2019.64.16119
Surat (2011). Analysis of pavement structureon expansive soil (case study on purwodadi-blora roadway). Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta. Available at: https://www.academia.edu/31628792/ANALYSIS_OF_PAVEMENT_STRUCTURE_ON_EXPANSIVE_SOIL_CASE_STUDY_ON_PURWODADI_BLORA_ROADWAY_MAGISTER_TEKNIK_SIPIL_KONSENTRASI_TEKNIK_REHABILITASI_DAN_PEMELIHARAAN_BANGUNAN_SIPIL_PROGRAM_PASCA_SARJANA_UNIVERSITAS_SEBELAS_MARET_SURAKARTA_2011
Parjoko, Y. H. (2012). Sensitivity Analysis of Concrete Performance Using Finite Element Approach. J. Civ. Eng. Forum, 21 (1). Available at: https://www.journal.ugm.ac.id/jcef/article/view/18939/12236
Jiao, Y., Wang, B., Shen, Z. (2019). A New 3D Empirical Plastic and Damage Model for Simulating the Failure of Concrete Structure. International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, 13 (1). doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40069-019-0362-z
Xiao, D. X., Wu, Z. (2018). Longitudinal cracking of jointed plain concrete pavements in Louisiana: Field investigation and numerical simulation. International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, 11 (5), 417–426. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijprt.2018.07.004
Patil, V. A., Sawant, V. A., Deb, K. (2013). 2-D finite element analysis of rigid pavement considering dynamic vehicle–pavement interaction effects. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 37 (3), 1282–1294. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2012.03.034
Bitencourt, L. A. G., Manzoli, O. L., Trindade, Y. T., Rodrigues, E. A., Dias-da-Costa, D. (2018). Modeling reinforced concrete structures using coupling finite elements for discrete representation of reinforcements. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 149, 32–44. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.finel.2018.06.004
Cargnin, A. P., Balbo, J. T. (2019). Cracking patterns of continuously reinforced concrete pavement using black and galvanized steel under tropical climate. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 22 (1), 41–53. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2019.1577419
Wibowo, W., Safitri, E., Setyawan, A., Muslih, Y., Mediyanto, A., Setiawan, B., Syaufina, T. R. (2021). The potency of metakaolin as addition material in high strength self-compacting concrete to increase Modulus of Rupture (MOR) in rigid pavement application. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 700 (1), 012054. doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/700/1/012054
Kasu, S. R., Deb, S., Mitra, N., Muppireddy, A. R., Kusam, S. R. (2019). Influence of aggregate size on flexural fatigue response of concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 229, 116922. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.116922
Barros, J. (1999). Analysis of concrete slabs supported on soil. Univ. do Minho. Available at: http://repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt/bitstream/1822/12839/1/IC_11.pdf
Sugiharti. (2013). Tinjauan lebar retak pada pelat beton akibat beban statis. PROKONS Jurusan Teknik Sipil, 7 (2), 119. doi: https://doi.org/10.33795/prokons.v7i2.44
DeSantis, J. W., Sachs, S. G., Vandenbossche, J. M. (2019). Faulting development in concrete pavements and overlays. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 21 (12), 1445–1460. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2018.1548706
Bhatti, M. A., Barlow, J. A., Stoner, J. W. (1996). Modeling Damage to Rigid Pavements Caused by Subgrade Pumping. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 122 (1), 12–21. doi: https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-947x(1996)122:1(12)
Zokaei-Ashtiani, A., Carrasco, C., Nazarian, S. (2014). Finite element modeling of slab–foundation interaction on rigid pavement applications. Computers and Geotechnics, 62, 118–127. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2014.07.003
Kermani, B., Stoffels, S. M., Xiao, M., Qiu, T. (2018). Experimental Simulation and Quantification of Migration of Subgrade Soil into Subbase under Rigid Pavement Using Model Mobile Load Simulator. Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part B: Pavements, 144 (4), 04018049. doi: https://doi.org/10.1061/jpeodx.0000078
Day, R. W. (1994). Performance of Slab‐on‐Grade Foundations on Expansive Soil. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 8 (2), 129–138. doi: https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0887-3828(1994)8:2(129)
Zeng, K. H., Guo, R. H., Li, H. X. (2013). Structural Response Analysis of Highways under Heavy Loads. Advanced Materials Research, 723, 204–211. doi: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.723.204
Copyright (c) 2023 Wibowo Wibowo, Ary Setyawan, Yusep Muslih Purwana, Bambang Setiawan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Our journal abides by the Creative Commons CC BY copyright rights and permissions for open access journals.
Authors, who are published in this journal, agree to the following conditions:
1. The authors reserve the right to authorship of the work and pass the first publication right of this work to the journal under the terms of a Creative Commons CC BY, which allows others to freely distribute the published research with the obligatory reference to the authors of the original work and the first publication of the work in this journal.
2. The authors have the right to conclude separate supplement agreements that relate to non-exclusive work distribution in the form in which it has been published by the journal (for example, to upload the work to the online storage of the journal or publish it as part of a monograph), provided that the reference to the first publication of the work in this journal is included.