Immune response and phagocytosis of children with streptococcal tonsillitis and infected with the herpes virus type 6.
Abstract
The aim of the work is to study the indicators of cellular and humoral immune response and FAN of patients with tonsillitis in children infected with HHV-6 type.
Materials and methods of research. In 72 children aged 3–15 years (mean age 8.42±1.44 years), patients with streptococcal tonsillitis of moderate severity, the levels of the main subpopulations of blood lymphocytes were determined using monoclonal antibodies by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, phagocytic activity of neutrophils (FAN) using the nitrosine tetrazolium reduction test (HCT test) and serum IgA, IgM, IgG levels by radial immunodiffusion. The studies were carried out in the acute period and in the period of convalescence. Mathematical and statistical processing of the data obtained was carried out using Microsoft Excel 2003 and Statistica 6.0 programs. The significance of differences between the mean values was determined using the Student's test (t).
Results. Different mechanisms of formation of pathological process at streptococcal tonsillitis at children depending on the concomitant HHV-6 type infection are revealed. In patients with mixed infection in the acute period of tonsillitis determine the signs of deficiency of the cellular immune system with the maximum deviation of CD-lymphocytes (t=3.13 vs. t=2.16 in mono-infection), the tension in the humoral link of the immune response Ig deviation (t=1.63 against t=0.91 in mono-infection) on the background of phagocytosis violation in terms of FAN deviation (t=3.22 against t=2.01 in mono-infection). By the period of convalescence, the restoration of the imbalance of specific and non-specific protection factors does not occur. Increased IgG content in the acute period is one of the features of streptococcal tonsillitis in children on the background of HHV-6t infection.
Conclusions. Concomitant VGL-6 type infection in children with streptococcal tonsillitis affects the mechanisms of formation of the inflammatory process and the reactivity of patients, forming the preconditions for adverse outcomes of the disease. The obtained results can be the basis for early detection of herpes virus infection in patients with tonsillitis, will help to optimize the management of patients in different periods of the disease.
Downloads
References
Valderrama, J. A., Nizet, V. (2018). Group A Streptococcus encounters with host macrophages. Future Microbiology, 13 (1), 119–134. doi: http://doi.org/10.2217/fmb-2017-0142
Walker, M. J., Barnett, T. C., McArthur, J. D., Cole, J. N., Gillen, C. M., Henningham, A. et. al. (2014). Disease Manifestations and Pathogenic Mechanisms of Group A Streptococcus. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 27 (2), 264–301. doi: http://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00101-13
Bennett, J., Moreland, N. J., Oliver, J., Crane, J., Williamson, D. A., Sika-Paotonu, D. et. al. (2019). Understanding group A streptococcal pharyngitis and skin infections as causes of rheumatic fever: protocol for a prospective disease incidence study. BMC Infectious Diseases, 19 (1). doi: http://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-4126-9
Kramarov, S. O., Yevtushenko, V. V. (2019). Modern approaches to the treatment of herpetic infection in children. Actual Infectology, 7 (3), 144–149. doi: http://doi.org/10.22141/2312-413x.7.3.2019.170993
Hyliuk, O. H., Bulat, L. M. (2017). Children age clinical peculiarities of herpes infections. Biomedical and biosocial anthropology, 28, 112–116.
Cohen, J. I. (2015). Human Herpesvirus Types 6 and 7 (Exanthem Subitum). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 1772–1776.e1. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4557-4801-3.00142-9
Das, B., Reddy, S., Eliassen, E., Krueger, G. (2017). Human herpesvirus 6-induced inflammatory cardiomyopathy in immunocompetent children. Annals of Pediatric Cardiology, 10 (3), 259. doi: http://doi.org/10.4103/apc.apc_54_17
Gavrylenko, I., Laiko, A., Karas, A., Karas, H. (2018). Cytochemical examination of blood cells of children with chronic tonsillitis and type 1 diabetes mellitus. ScienceRise: Medical Science, 3 (23), 13–17. doi: http://doi.org/10.15587/2519-4798.2018.127424
Eliassen, E., Di Luca, D., Rizzo, R., Barao, I. (2017). The Interplay between Natural Killer Cells and Human Herpesvirus-6. Viruses, 9 (12), 367. doi: http://doi.org/10.3390/v9120367
Hanson, D. J., Hill, J. A., Koelle, D. M. (2018). Advances in the Characterization of the T-Cell Response to Human Herpesvirus-6. Frontiers in Immunology, 9. doi: http://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01454
Rasskazova, O. M., Rybak, I. R., Vorozhko, T. A., Ponomarenko, V. V., Maltsev, D. V. (2017). Chronic viral infection caused by the herpes virus type 6, with a damage of the nervous system against the background of a deficiency of natural killers. Klinichna imunolohiia. Alerholohiia. Infektolohiia, 5 (102), 27–33.
You, S. J. (2019). Human Herpesvirus-6 may be Neurologically Injurious in Some Immunocompetent Children. Journal of Child Neurology, 35 (2), 132–136. doi: http://doi.org/10.1177/0883073819879284
Galich, E. N., Solovyeva, I. L., Kuselman, A. I., Solovyeva, А. А. et. al. (2019). Phagocytosis and Antibody Mediated Immunity in Children Infected with Human Herpes Virus 6. Doctor.Ru, 160 (5), 23–26. doi: http://doi.org/10.31550/1727-2378-2019-160-5-23-26
Coffey, P. M., Ralph, A. P., Krause, V. L. (2018). The role of social determinants of health in the risk and prevention of group A streptococcal infection, acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: A systematic review. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 12 (6), e0006577. doi: http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006577
Nayiga, I., Okello, E., Lwabi, P., Ndeezi, G. (2017). Prevalence of group a streptococcus pharyngeal carriage and clinical manifestations in school children aged 5–15 yrs in Wakiso District, Uganda. BMC Infectious Diseases, 17 (1). doi: http://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-017-2353-5
Salimzianova, T. E. (2016). Perevarivaiuschaia aktivnost fagotsitov kak kriterii nespetsificheskoi reaktivnosti organizma. Sovremennye nauchnye issledovaniia i razrabotki, 7, 480–482.
Kurchenko, I. F., Svidro, S. V., Savchenko, V. S. (2016). Vplyv Esberitoksu in vitro na mononukleary peryferychnoi krovi khvorykh na herpesvirusnu infektsiiu. Imunolohiia ta alerholohiia: nauka i praktyka, 1-4, 19–25.
Naegeli, A., Bratanis, E., Karlsson, C., Shannon, O., Kalluru, R., Linder, A. et. al. (2019). Streptococcus pyogenes evades adaptive immunity through specific IgG glycan hydrolysis. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 216 (7), 1615–1629. doi: http://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20190293
Balasubramanian, R., Marks, S. D. (2017). Post-infectious glomerulonephritis. Paediatrics and International Child Health, 37 (4), 240–247. doi: http://doi.org/10.1080/20469047.2017.1369642
Gupta, A., Bhalla, K., Bhardwaj, P., Mehra, S., Nehra, D., Nanda, S. (2019). Role of epidemiological risk factors in improving the clinical diagnosis of streptococcal sore throat in pediatric clinical practice. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 8 (10), 3130. doi: http://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_495_19
Copyright (c) 2021 Viktoriia Olkhovska, Olga Olkhovska, Zalina Yeloyeva
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Our journal abides by the Creative Commons CC BY copyright rights and permissions for open access journals.
Authors, who are published in this journal, agree to the following conditions:
1. The authors reserve the right to authorship of the work and pass the first publication right of this work to the journal under the terms of a Creative Commons CC BY, which allows others to freely distribute the published research with the obligatory reference to the authors of the original work and the first publication of the work in this journal.
2. The authors have the right to conclude separate supplement agreements that relate to non-exclusive work distribution in the form in which it has been published by the journal (for example, to upload the work to the online storage of the journal or publish it as part of a monograph), provided that the reference to the first publication of the work in this journal is included.