ScienceRise

ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF SPECIAL CONSTRUCTIONS OF GAP SEALS ON THE DYNAMICS OF CENTRIFUGAL MACHINES

2020-11-13T16:05:59+02:00

The object of research: the influence of the design features of special gap seals on the dynamic characteristics of centrifugal machines.

Investigated problem: harmonization of the consumption and dynamic characteristics of the seals of the rotors of high-speed machines by applying special design methods.

Main scientific results: The mechanism and operating conditions of seals with floating rings are described. It is determined that the most effective from the point of view of dynamic characteristics is the variant of the semi-movable ring. Expressions for determining the conditions of angular and radial immobility of a floating ring are obtained. The design options for deformable gap seals, including deformable floating rings, deformable interwheel seals and seals with an axially movable deformable sleeve, have been investigated. The scope of their application for unique machines with high requirements for tightness and vibration reliability has been determined. Variants of the design of labyrinth seals have been investigated. The analysis shows that the dynamic properties of labyrinth seals significantly depend on the relative position of the ridges. Overlapping ridged seals have the worst dynamic performance of the labyrinth seal designs. The honeycomb seal has more favorable dynamic properties, and the well seal has the best combination of consumption and dynamic characteristics. The dynamic characteristics are especially important for the seals of high-speed rotors of centrifugal machines.

The area of practical use of the research results: Enterprises that manufacture centrifugal machines: pumps and compressors.

Innovative technological product: a methodology for the selection, design and calculation of special designs of gap seals with optimization of dynamic and flow characteristics.

Scope of application of the innovative technological product: The obtained research results will be useful in the design and manufacture of centrifugal pumps and compressors for any parameters.

STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF COMPOUNDS OF THE ANO3 and ANO3 nH2O TYPES ON RHEOKINETIC AND COLLOID-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ALUMINOSILICATE ADHESIVES FOR WOOD

2020-11-13T16:06:08+02:00

In the technology of gluing solid wood, various adhesives are used, which, in addition to ensuring the strength of the gluing, must also be characterized by a number of rheological and colloidal-chemical properties, namely: have acceptable viscosity, low contact angles, have good spreading and enveloping ability, penetrate deep into the wood , providing reliable cohesive-adhesive contact and much more. Today, adhesives based on PVA dispersions and urea formaldehydes are used, the properties of which have been sufficiently studied and tested in practice. An alternative to organic-based adhesives is mineral adhesives, in particular aluminosilicate adhesives, which are non-flammable and have high mechanical strength.

Object of research: rheokinetic patterns and processes of formation of colloidal-chemical structures of aluminosilicate adhesives modified with compounds of the ANO₃ and ANO₃×nH₂O type.

Investigated problem: Considering that aluminosilicate adhesives are multiphase reactive suspensions, the viscosity of which changes over time and affects their viability, the issue of viscosity stabilization due to the introduction of electrolyte salts into their composition is relevant, and will also contribute to improving the wettability and spreading of the adhesive during applying them to substrates and gluing samples from various types of wood.

Main scientific results: The effect of the concentrations of compounds of the ANO₃ and ANO₃×nH₂O type on the rheokinetic and chemical-colloidal properties of the aluminosilicate adhesive has been established, which will make it possible to use aluminosilicate adhesives in practice for gluing wood of various species, as well as to work out possible technological methods of their application, taking into account the obtained data on the viscosity, wetting and spreadability of the modified adhesive on the surface of the wood substrate.

Area of practical use of the research results: woodworking enterprises for the production of glued solid wood products.

Innovative technological product: aluminosilicate adhesives modified with ANO₃ and ANO₃×nH₂O nitrate additives for gluing wood of various species.

Scope of application of an innovative technological product: the application of these approaches will make it possible to obtain glued materials from wood from different species with improved technological and physical and mechanical properties of the glue seam and, accordingly, to increase the quality and reliability of products.

STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF SYSTEMIC FACTORS ON THE LEVEL OF LAND USE OF THE REGIONAL NATURE RESERVE FUND

2020-11-13T16:06:17+02:00

An urgent issue is the determination of the functional purpose and increasing the efficiency of using the lands of the natural reserve fund.

The object of research: lands of the natural reserve fund.

Investigated problem. According to the legal framework, which was used in the study, it was determined certain aspects of their functioning in the context of environmental protection measures. The processes of using the lands of the natural reserve fund should be considered as a complex process; therefore, the influence of systemic factors on the level of use of the lands of the natural reserve fund of the regions is studied. To carry out the analysis, methods of mathematical modeling were used as a mechanism for coordinating the influence of a set of indicators and determining their relationships.

Main scientific results. The results of mathematical modeling have been obtained, which provide an opportunity to predict changes in the integral indicator of the level of land use of objects of the natural reserve fund of regions, depending on the relevant factors, and to offer scientifically substantiated recommendations for the development and implementation of monitoring of the formation of lands of objects of the natural reserve fund of regions. The integral indicator was developed on the basis of the analysis and assessment of a set of factors that are defined as parameters for assessing the lands of the natural reserve fund. The analysis of the adequacy of the developed mathematical models of the influence of factors on the integral indicator of the level of land use of objects of the natural reserve fund of the regions using the neural network method made it possible to confirm the completeness and reliability of the established relationships based on low values of the relative error of the test sample.

The area of practical use of research results. Thus, the practical significance of the developed model for the formation of a methodology for assessing the processes of using lands of the natural reserve fund has been determined.

Innovative technological product: an integral model for assessing the lands of the natural reserve fund.

Scope of application of an innovative technological product. This technique makes it possible to increase the efficiency and rationalize the processes of using the lands of the natural reserve fund in order to protect them and ensure integrated functioning.

ADEQUACY EVALUATION OF THE SYNTHESIS OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR ONE CLASS OF LINEAR DYNAMIC SYSTEMS WITH PARAMETERS, VARIABLE IN TIME AND IN SPACE

2020-11-13T16:09:27+02:00

The object of research: the authors of this work have synthesized in previous publications a mathematical model of one class of linear dynamic systems with variable parameters in time and space, which includes the system for lifting and lowering a load with a crane in the case of taking into account the influence of longitudinal vibrations that arise in the cable of the lifting mechanism, and shift in time of the moment of inertia of the rotating masses reduced to the motor shaft.

Investigated problem: simulation models are synthesized in the Simulink graphical software environment of the MATLAB application package to assess the adequacy of the specified mathematical model. A calculation was carried out using the passport data and characteristics of all components of the crane structure to find the numerical values of the parameters of simulation models, including the electric motor, cable and gearbox.

The main scientific results: the results of modeling the dynamics of the electric drive system during acceleration, deceleration, the prevailing velocity are given. By comparing the results obtained on the simulation model with the results of experimental studies of the same class of dynamical systems carried out by other authors, the adequacy of the mathematical models synthesized by the authors of this work is proved. It is proved that the use of the classical equation of the dynamics of the electric drive system, which contains a constant moment of inertia and a constant moment of load, leads to errors in the estimates of the processes accompanying the lifting and lowering of loads by cranes. And this, in turn, does not allow predicting the behavior of the system in various operating modes with sufficient accuracy.

The area of practical use of the research results: enterprises of the machine-building industry, specializing in the production, modernization of lifting equipment.

Innovative technological product: a simulation model of a crane mechanism, which makes it possible to take into account the influence of longitudinal vibrations that arise in the cable of the hoisting mechanism, and the shift in time of the moment of inertia of the rotating masses reduced to the motor shaft.

Scope of application of the innovative technological product: design and development of control systems for electric drives of lifting equipment.

DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR ASSESSMENT AND SELECTION OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE FOR MINE RECONNAISSANCE

2020-11-13T16:09:07+02:00

Object of research: comparative assessment and selection of an unmanned aerial vehicle for mine reconnaissance sample.

Investigated problem: substantiation of the methodological apparatus for comparative assessment and selection of an unmanned aerial vehicle for mine reconnaissance sample, taking into consideration the presence of both quantitative and qualitative indicators.

Main scientific results: the methods of comparative assessment and selection of an unmanned aerial vehicle for mine reconnaissance sample is developed. The technique is based on an expert method, which allows a drone sample to be evaluated and selected objectively, taking into consideration the presence of both quantitative and qualitative indicators. At the same time, group interaction and discussion of experts are realized. When the judgments do not coincide, an artificial consensus is not imposed. The number of experts is not limited. The experts are not linked in any way. The need to ensure transitive consistency (10–12 %) makes it possible to record attempts by an expert (experts) to artificially overestimate the indicators of one of the drone samples (or the one being evaluated), therefore, the indicators of another sample will automatically deteriorate. The principle of impartiality and fairness is maintained. A well-trained objective coordinator is not required, and the reality is that the absence of the disrupting the problem solution possibility is due to a change in the psychological situation among the experts.

Area of practical use of research results: humanitarian demining in the interests of ensuring the detection of mines for various purposes by sappers from a safe distance. At the same time, an increase within the probability of mines detecting is ensured due to special equipment installed onboard the drone.

Innovative technological product: a technique has been developed that allows not only assessing the drone samples for mine reconnaissance objectively, but making an objective choice of a sample for specific requirements also.

Scope of application of the innovative technological product: clearance of the terrain remaining after the end of hostilities. With the help of unmanned aerial vehicles, a significant acceleration of the demining process is possible, especially in those territories where mines are installed and being for a sufficiently long time.

ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AND DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR MANAGING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND CIVIL SAFETY OF TRANSBOUNDARY TRANSPORTATION OF OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS THROUGH PIPELINES

2020-11-13T16:06:44+02:00

Transportation of oil and oil products through main pipelines is accompanied by the outpouring of these components into the environment, which creates risks of reducing the level of environmental safety and emergencies.

The object of research is the factors and methods of environmental and civil safety management of cross-border transportation of oil and oil products through pipelines.

Investigated problem is the analysis of environmental and civil safety management factors for cross-border transportation of oil and oil products through pipelines has been carried out and new technical and organizational solutions have been proposed to improve the level of management. The environmental safety of oil and gas facilities is defined as the state of environmentally safe functioning of oil and gas facilities and the absence of harmful environmental impact on these facilities. On the basis of the analysis of emergency situations on the linear part of the main oil pipelines, five main reasons leading to depressurization have been identified and ranked. The oil pipeline emergency is presented in a mathematical form. The analysis of depressurization of main oil pipelines in the world and in the Lviv region is carried out. The international normative legal acts regulating the management aspects of environmental and civil safety of cross-border transportation of oil and oil products are analyzed.

Innovative products – in case of water pollution as a result of a catastrophic inflow of oil products, it is proposed to use a patented installation for modeling the process of pollution of running water and a method of physical modeling of the process of spreading pollution as a result of a single discharge of oil products into the river. In the case of soil contamination with oil products, it was proposed to use a patented installation for modeling the process of filtration of contaminated solutions through the soil or bottom sediments. The advantages of the proposed new technical solutions based on known analogues are shown.

The area of practical use of the research results is the subdivisions of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of Ukraine, the State Service of Ukraine for Emergency Situations, NJSC Naftogaz of Ukraine, higher educational institutions, research institutes of oil and gas ecological profile.

INTEGRATED USE OF MAGNETITE IN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES

2020-11-13T16:06:54+02:00

The object of research: magnetite obtained by using the ferritic method for the purification of iron-containing solutions.

Problem to be solved: a comprehensive solution to the problem of using magnetite, obtained as a result of using the ferrite method for purifying iron-containing solutions, as a catalyst for the oxidation of carbon monoxide and its further utilization in the production of building materials.

The main scientific results: it has been shown that the magnetite precipitate formed during the processing of pickling solutions by the ferrite method can be used as a cheap, affordable and effective catalyst for the oxidation of carbon monoxide from flue gases of industrial enterprises, the disposal of which after long-term use does not create problems due to its stability and inertness.

Field of practical use of research results: the use of the ferrite method in the purification of pickling solutions of metallurgical enterprises provides not only an increase in the efficiency of water purification, but also leads to the introduction of waste-free technology. The decisive factor will be the use of magnetite as sludge of the use of ferrite technology to solve the problem of reducing flue gas emissions from the production of electrodes for the metallurgical industry, which include toxic carbon monoxide.

Innovative technology product: waste-free technology for the processing of pickling solutions by the ferrite method with the formation of a product with magnetic and catalytic properties, further processing of which consists in using red lead iron as a pigment in the production of building materials.

Scope of the innovative technology product: oxidation of carbon monoxide from industrial flue gases, followed by the use of red lead as a pigment.

WASTEWATER TREATMENT WITH BIOCONVERSION FOR MOTOR FUEL PRODUCTION

2020-11-13T16:07:03+02:00

The object of research: the process of wastewater treatment using bioconversion for subsequent motor fuel production.

Investigated problem: improving the efficiency of bioconversion process for biofuel production with simultaneous wastewater treatment by removing nitrogen and phosphorous compounds.

The main scientific results: providing the possibility of biofuel production with energy and economic inefficiency. It is done by combining the process of motor biofuel production with the process of treating wastewater from biogenic elements makes it perspective for commercial use. Traditional technology for the production of motor biofuels from microalgae includes cultivation, harvesting, dehydration and drying of biomass, extraction of oils from them and subsequent production of methyl esters and glycerol. Such technology is often not economically effective. It requires significant amount of energy for carrying out all necessary processes. In addition, it requires significant expenditures of water and nutrients. The use of nutrient-rich wastewater as a culture medium for the cultivation of microalgae allows not only to reduce costs, but also to purify wastewater from nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, which makes this process economically effective.

The area of practical use of the research results: Sewage and gray water treatment plants. Industrial and agricultural effluents treatment plants. Different types of enterprises, which have wastewater enriched with nitrogen and phosphorous compounds.

Innovative technological product: The technology of microalgae cultivation using wastewater as a culture medium. The technology allows effectively purifying used wastewaters from nitrogen and phosphorous compounds with no waste at the end.

Scope of the innovative technological product: Improved technology of motor biofuel production with simultaneous wastewater purification, which is economically effective and environmentally safe.

RESEARCH OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE FOOD ADDITIVE "MAGNETOFOOD" ON THE QUALITY INDICATORS OF WHIPPED CONFECTIONERY PRODUCTS

2020-11-13T16:07:10+02:00

The results of the influence of the food additive "Magnetofood" on the quality indicators of whipped confectionery in the technologies of curd dessert and white-pink marshmallow (organoleptic characteristics, density, mechanical strength, effective viscosity, degree of overrun and volume kinetics during storage) are presented. It was found that the introduction of the additive "Magnetofood" into the prototypes of cottage cheese desserts and white-pink marshmallows (on agar and pectin) in an amount from 0.1 % to 0.2 % to the mass of the recipe mixture in comparison with the control improves the structure, texture and external type of whipped products; the distribution function of air bubbles by diameter is narrow and symmetric, the diameter d = (45 ... 50) 10^-3 m is a fundamental factor indicating the stabilizing effect of nanoparticles of the food additive "Magnetofood". It was found that with an increase in the mass fraction of the food additive "Magnetofood", the following increases (compared to the control): in curd desserts - the maximum shear stress by a factor of (1.18 ... 1.3) and the thixotropy coefficient by 1.26 times; in white-pink marshmallows - the strength of the foam structure is (1.1 ... 1.2) times and the effective viscosity of the marshmallow masses is (1.35 ... 1.55) times (which has a positive effect on the texture of the product and the extension of the period preservation of the freshness of finished products); as well as in marshmallow masses, they decrease: density by (1.12 ... 1.15) times and the duration of whipping by (1.5 ... 2.5) 60 s. The rational content of the additive "Magnetofood" in the recipes of curd dessert and marshmallow of white-pink marshmallow was determined – 0.15 % to the mass of the recipe mixture. The prospects of using "Magnetofood" as an improver and stabilizer of polyphase foam-like structures have been determined

Object of research: production technology of cottage cheese desserts and white-pink marshmallows (on agar and pectin).

Investigated problem: obtaining stable polyphase food systems, in particular, a foam-like structure, with a deviation of the quality indicators of raw ingredients and technological parameters in production conditions.

Main scientific results: a deterioration in the quality of cottage cheese desserts and marshmallow products was revealed with a deviation of the physicochemical parameters of raw ingredients (in particular, cottage cheese, pectin, agar) and possible ranges of deviations of the initial values of the process parameters (temperature conditions, duration of whipping and gelation) leading to a deterioration the quality of finished products in terms of the following indicators: organoleptic characteristics, physicochemical, microbiological and functional and technological properties, shelf life. It is shown that improving the technology and increasing the stability of the polyphase structure of foam-like food products can be achieved by introducing a food additive of complex action "Magnetofood". In particular, due to the structure-forming, stabilizing, water-retaining and bacteriostatic properties of the Magnetofood additive. As a result of the introduction of 0.15 % food additive "Magnetofood" into the recipe for cottage cheese dessert and white-pink marshmallow, the following improves: organoleptic, structural-mechanical and physical-chemical indicators; structure, consistency and appearance of the whipped product; storage periods are extended.

The area of practical use of the research results: food enterprises specializing in the production of whipped products (fermented milk desserts, pastel-marmalade products, sambucs).

Innovative technological product: technology for the production of cottage cheese dessert and marshmallow white-pink (on agar) and (on pectin) using the food additive "Magnetofood".

Scope of application of the innovative technological product: food industry, restaurant enterprises.

SIMULATION OF THE RADIANT HEAT TRANSFER PROCESS IN THE ELEMENTS OF ROASTING EQUIPMENT

2020-11-13T16:07:19+02:00

The object of the research is the process of radiation heat transfer, taking into account a single reflection of rays in the IR device of food production.

Investigated problem – the work is devoted to solving the problem of irregularity of radiation heat transfer during infrared roasting of food products.

Main scientific results. The inverse problem of heat transfer by radiation has been solved and a technique has been developed for determining the profiles of the ray flux reflectors for uniform irradiation of receivers of a convex section. Analytical modeling of all-round uniform irradiation of an elliptical receiver has been carried out. An experimental device with low-inertia temperature sensors for infrared roasting of semi-finished meat products has been developed, which makes it possible to use a reflector shaped according to the developed analytical technique. The verification of the created technique for determining the profiles of reflectors by means of a computer experiment using the TracePro and Mathcad software systems has been carried out.

The area of practical use of the research results: the use of an experimental device with a radiant flux reflector for roasting semi-finished meat products proves that the obtained technique for profiling reflectors of heat engineering systems is acceptable for the design of infrared equipment for food production and restaurant facilities. This technique allows simulating the profile of the radiant flux reflector depending on the shape of the receiver. Studies have shown that the use of a profiled reflector in the experimental device reduces the duration of roasting of natural portioned semi-finished beef products by 33 %.

Innovative technological product: a technique for determining the profiles of ray flux reflectors for uniform irradiation of receivers with a convex section. Device for infrared roasting of semi-finished meat products.

Scope of application of an innovative technological product. The study of an experimental device with a designed radiant flux reflector for roasting semi-finished meat products proves that the obtained technique for profiling reflectors of heat engineering systems is acceptable for the design of infrared equipment for food production and restaurant facilities. Using this approach allows to approach the solution of the problem of irregularity of irradiation of products during infrared roasting

EVALUATION OF FETAL REACTIVITY IN A TEST WITH ACOUSTIC STIMULATION IN WOMEN WITH A HISTORY OF CESAREAN SECTION

2020-11-13T16:07:29+02:00

Object of study: pregnancy in women with a history of cesarean section, perinatal period.

The problem to be solved: clarification of the perinatal significance of the factor “scarred uterus”, substantiation of the clinical significance of the test with acoustic stimulation of the fetus as a method for predicting early neonatal adaptation.

Main scientific results: it was found that pregnancy in women with a history of cesarean section is characterized by an increased perinatal risk and is associated with psychoemotional stress of the mother, which affects the reactivity of fetal cerebral hemodynamics. It has been shown that the test with acoustic stimulation of fetus allows one to gain an idea of the fetus's perception of stressful influences, which should be taken into account when drawing up a delivery plan.

The area of practical use of research results: obstetric departments of maternity hospitals and multidisciplinary hospitals.

An innovative technological product: technology for assessing the state of the fetus in full-term pregnancy, which allows predicting complications of early neonatal adaptation based on the susceptibility of the fetus in the test with acoustic stimulation.

Scope of application of an innovative technological product: obstetric clinical practice, perinatal medicine.

DUAL-USE MATERIAL SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES TRANSFER IN UKRAINE: PREMISES AND PRESENT CATCH-22

2020-11-13T16:07:36+02:00

The object of effort is to assess the underpin premises of transfer of dual use materials science technologies appeared in Ukraine after the Independence and those developed until nowadays. It is also to shed a light on this issue and evaluate historical, technical, political, and mental barriers between technology supplier / recipient and future prospects and successful steps to be made to overcome those.

The work puts a problem to scrutinize today’s and future materials science dual use technology transfer control regulations and all premises associated and leaving an imprint on the realities existing in Ukraine. First of all, it is important to study technology transfer issues and a vital role of those premises appeared in Ukraine otherwise one may chase a ghost while trying to understand how to put it correct in a right legal and political way to successfully resolve this matter since in this case none turnkey solutions ever exist. For example, central to a control regime debate is to discuss an evolution, or lack of the existing transparent legislation covering dual-use technologies, and a discussion on its orientation and scope. Does this really work and sound in practice, and if “yes” then to what extent? Second, at a time of fundamental change in nature and order of international relations, the wisdom of ad hoc control regimes must not escape scrutiny. Although experts are very much aware of these problems, future of control regulations remains still blurred and uncertain, so what are their potential implications for international state’s security?

The research revealed that a reassessment of the problems surrounding dual use materials science technologies and today’s control regulations should be made – both in terms of their potential improvement and/or possible new universal multilateral agreements and transparency among states involved in technology transfer. This further argues a need for new international mechanisms to ensure the transfer of dual-use materials science technologies, while not powering proliferation opportunities for weapon systems.

The results of this endeavor make a ground floor for further debates in terms of politics and export control in the field of transfer of intangible technologies.

SPECIFICITY OF PROOF IN CASES OF INFRINGEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ON SITES ON THE INTERNET

2020-11-13T16:07:45+02:00

In recent years, the rapid development of both technical progress and activities on the Internet, including the economic one, could not but affect the improvement of existing and the emergence of new mechanisms for violating the rights of intellectual property subjects, gives rise to various disputes between participants in the relevant relations, and such disputes is no exception, since each category of court cases has its own peculiarities of consideration.

However, analyzing the judicial practice, a number of procedural problems related to evidence and proving in the field of intellectual property rights protection on Internet sites were identified.

– Object of Research: What is the key of proof?

– Where? and Who? need to collect evidence?

– What is meant by belonging and admissibility of evidence?

– What are the ways of securing facts as means of proof on the Internet?

Investigated problem: to give a legal assessment not only to the norms of national and international legislation, but also to the practical experience of using the institution of proof in the protection of intellectual property rights raised on sites on the Internet.

The main scientific results: the procedural nuances of proving the violation of intellectual property rights on sites on the Internet are highlighted, problematic points are identified, and the proposed optimal ways to overcome them, both in pre-trial and in court.

The area of practical use of the research results: fixation, preservation of the evidence itself, their assessment, both in pre-trial and in court.

Innovative technological product: an algorithm (technical and legal) securing factual data from the Internet site for submitting them to court.

Scope of application of the innovative technological product: the application of the algorithm for securing factual data from the Internet site when protecting intellectual property rights should be carried out in accordance with the rules of the current Economic Procedure Code of Ukraine, namely Chapter 5 "Evidence" of Section 1.