A pattern of research in Coronaviruses in Saudi Arabia from 2014-2018

The aim: to observe the contribution of authors and the collaboration of institutes functioning in Saudi Arabia through the bibliometric review of literature in Coronaviruses. Design/Methods/Approach: Authors as solo or corroborators in research are the main sources to retrieve the material of their original articles, case reports and review articles published from 2014–2018 in PubMed indexed journals for estimation and tabulation. Results: Total 895; 3.5 % institutes (522; 58.3 % functioning locally and 373; 41.6 % internationally) in Saudi Arabia with the support of 1878; 7.4 % authors produced 253 articles from 2014 to 2018. Position of the author always matters in research, 207; 81.8 % authors had the first position followed by 28; 11 % as a second. Majority 72; 28.4 % articles published by single institute followed 46; 18.1 % and 49; 19.3 % by two and three institutes. Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia publish 57; 6.3 % stand on lead followed by the Ministry of Health (All Regions) Kingdome of Saudi Arabia and King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah & Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Community & General Medicine and Hospital Administration & Health Informatics were major disciplines of publications. Three journals, Journal of Infectious and Public Health, International Journal of Infectious Diseases and American Journal of Infection Control grab 147; 58.1 % share of publishing research. Conclusion: This study illustrates the determinations of the Saudi public and private healthcare sectors to handle the epidemic situation and uphold the esteem of people residing in catchment areas by means of technical, logistical and financial aid to managers and decision-makers.


Introduction
Global healthcare facilities always been threatening by numerous viral infections. Coronavirus or Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) being counted as a danger to public health [1]. The mode of communications and transmission of this significant threat to humans poorly characterized. The intensive care unit is the best canopy for laboratory-tested infected patients for clinical treatment. In September 2012, the Saudi Ministry of Health sends alert to healthcare workers in emergency departments (EDs) for the chances of the existence of MERS-CoV infections, and this alert attracted the attention of healthcare providers [2]. A data for study of MERS-CoV was obtained from World Health Organization (WHO) to identify the prevalence and occurrence measures taken by various countries and their allied ministries to minimize the rate of morbidity and mortality in country [3]. There were 2048 laboratory-confirmed cases of MERS-CoV infection were reported from June 2012 to Dec 2017 from all over the world. A seasonal outbreak of variations in cases was found in June as highest, while the lowest was found in January from 2012 to 2017 [4].
Scientists, researchers, and academics can assess various risk factors to forecast trends and seasonal variations of MERS-CoV on the bases of monthly global reported cases of MERS-CoV by the World Health Organization [5]. A study discovered the risk factors of MERS-CoV such as: camel contact, male, old age and living in Saudi Arabia and Middle East regions were a potential target of this danger. In an-other analysis researchers claimed winter and summer months were considered as two seasonal outbreaks of MERS-CoV, hygrometry Social sciences and ambient temperature were noticeable transmissions associated with the human-camel interactions in these seasons as healthcare-associated infections. Meanwhile, the World Health Organization informed that laboratory-confirmed cases arisen in 27 countries. Human-to-human transmission of MERS-CoV not deemed to fit in healthcare settings, and far from the epidemic potential [6][7][8].
Bibliometric study helps a researcher to find-out objective information for facilitating in policy decisions and better use of resources and services to measure the scientific output of subject specialty and sub-subject specialty for further innovative procedures [9]. Before June 2016, there were no bibliometric studies have been found specifically on MERS-CoV. With the support of the PubMed database, 443 articles were written from 2012 to 2015 and published in 162 journals to retrieved for analysis. Results of the research show that prevention and control of the disease were focused by researchers [10]. Similar to above study, the same research was conducted on Scopus database to retrieved data of published publications in the years 2012-2015 [11]. A total of 883 articles were participated and written by 92 countries and published in cross the world on the term of MERS-CoV. With 319; 36.1 % articles, the USA was the largest contributor, followed by Saudi Arabia 113; 12.7 % articles [12].
The aim of the research: the research aimed to estimate the spectrum of investigation, dedication, and collaboration among academic institutes through the participation of authors in the production of literature related to medicine and health sciences published in the journals.

Material and Methods
The research data in Coronaviruses published in the PubMed indexed from January 1st, 2014 to 31st December 2018, and affiliated with Kingdome of Saudi Arabia was downloaded to tabulate in MS Office Excel Sheet 2010. The file format with comma-separated value (CSV) and Abstract on Note-paid techniques was used, typed "Coronaviruses", "Middle East Respiratory Syndrome" and "MERS" in the Boolean operator and appears by default, typed "Kingdome of Saudi Arabia" select as "Affiliation" in next menu. Firstly, to estimate the position of authors; to calculate the collaboration of institutes nationally and internationally; to evaluate the association of topic with health sciences specialties and sub-specialties; to check the status of attention by healthcare providers in Saudi Arabia, were set to explore as objectives.

Results
Total of 280 articles were downloaded and 253 articles were selected for this study, and case reports, original and review articles existing nomenclature of analysis. The basic medical, clinical, and radiological sciences with health administrative and informative management disciplines, set as basic criteria for this estimation. Table 1 shows that, 895 institutes per 3.5 % articles through 1878; 7.4 % authors made participation in 253; 4.2 % per month average from 2014-2018.         Table 5 present 14 main specialties and sub-specialties of health and medical sciences, researchers pay their focused to deal this significant danger from experimental sides to informative side with a description of preventive and cure measures thru collaboration of every sector of society. Table 6, displays that, total of 121 journals were published 253 articles from 2014 to 2018. Only 63 articles (25 % out of total number) published in five journals and the remaining 190 articles published in 116 journals out of 121 journals.

Discussion
Total of 121 journals supported to published 253 case reports, original and review articles in journals associated with PubMed databases. The huge participation 895; 3.5 % of institutes with corroboration of 1878 authors to write down their observations, analysis, findings and suggestions to handle this MERS-CoV, a significant threat to personals of healthcare, government officials and of course society.
The spectrum of this hazards involve every-one in health science sector from diagnostic to drug therapy, provision of information to community, taking efforts in the management of primary healthcare unit, to evaluate the policies, modification and redesigning of measures according to WHO guidelines and standards to deal sensitivity of present and clear danger. The research period reveals the deep efforts of public and private health sector, the calmness of society and missionary Social sciences movements of healthcare community to coop-up this endangerment. The interaction of 150; 59.2 % institutes among nationally 3.8 and internationally institutes is a vibrant example for teamwork and sharing of ideas, meanwhile 21; 8.3 % articles were written by solo or single-author affiliated with single institute out of 253; 91.6 % articles, 1.1 from total 1878 authors and 874; 97.6 % institutes.

Conclusion
Even though much literature on this topic written and published by researchers inside and outside of Kingdome of Saudi Arabia in many other scientific and multidisciplinary databases, but journals connected with PubMed have worth to read and refer by basic health science, clinical sciences and radiological science community. It strongly seems that from 2014 to 2018, Saudi institutes passionately involve in research in MERS CoV, they produced one article on every fifth day of calendar with the contribution of 7.4 authors and backing by 3.5 institutes for each out of 253 articles.

Conflicts of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.