Technology transfer: fundamental principles and innovative technical solutions

INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF STABILIZERS ON THE VISCOSITY OF THE RECOVERED MIXTURE OF A HYPERTONIC DRINK FOR ATHLETES

2020-11-30T15:15:48+02:00

When introducing plant and animal protein products, in addition to nutritional value, it is advisable to assess their physicochemical properties and technological indicators, in particular, homogeneity and consistency stability. The aim of research is to determine the effect of consistency stabilizers on the viscosity of a reconstituted hypertonic drink for athletes based on flaxseed cake, sesame seeds and whey protein concentrate.

The mass fraction of protein in the model dry mixture of a hypertonic drink, as well as in its individual components by the Kjeldahl method, the mass fraction of fiber – by the gravimetric method, the mass fraction of lipids – by the extraction-gravimetric method, the mass fraction of moisture – by the thermogravimetric method. The mass fraction of ash in the mixtures was carried out by the method of incineration followed by calcining the mineral residue at a temperature of 450 ... 600 °C. The effective viscosity in the reduced samples of mixtures without and with the addition of stabilizers was determined on a rotational viscometer "Rheotest 2". For the planning of the experiment and data processing, mathematical methods were applied using the Microsoft Office Excel 2003 software package.

The chemical composition of individual components and a model dry mixture of a hypertonic drink for the nutrition of athletes, including the content of compounds that have a stabilizing effect on the restored product, has been investigated. It has been proved that the effective viscosity of the reconstructed model mixture in comparison with the effective viscosity of the individual components of the mixture nonaditively increases. The mutual influence of the consistency stabilizers (gum arabic (E 414) and carboxymethylcellulose (E 466)) on the value of the effective viscosity of the reconstituted hypertonic drink was investigated. The developed model mixture of a hypertonic drink is recommended to be used for the development of competitive dry mixtures of hypertonic drinks of plant and animal origin for the nutrition of athletes

MANUFACTURING OF ACTIVATED CARBON USING DISPOSABLE COCONUT SHELLS FOR CATALYTIC ACTIVITIES AND WATER TREATMENT UTILIZATIONS

2020-11-30T12:30:07+02:00

Activated carbon is a black color solid compound which is fabricated using naturally occurring materials such as woods and species of coal that composed of the majority in carbon. The activated carbon is highly remarkable compound in the catalytic activities in most of chemical industries and water treatment activities because of the significant performances of such activated carbon due to the sufficiency of the surface property which is called as the adsorption with the couple of high porosity. The manufacturing of activated carbon from disposable coconut shells and the investigations of the physic-chemical characteristics of such activated carbon were the expectances of the existing research. Domestically collected coconut shells were burnt in the range of different temperatures 390°C–300°C after removing unnecessary constituents. The chemical composition of the powdered activated carbon was inspected using an X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrophotometer and the surfaces of prepared activated carbon were examined using an optical microscope. As the outcomes of the above experiments, it seems that the most adequate burning temperature for the manufacturing of that batch of coconut shells was in the range of 330°C–350°C, 68.85% of ferrous and 31.15% of potassium as the composed metallic element apart from the non metallic carbon and the pure black color non- composite surfaces were observed under the microscopic studies. It is encouraged to develop this production using cost effective materials such as the shells of fesults which are belonging to the palm cast while utilizing the productions through the various applications in chemical industries

DETERMINATION OF THE SIZES OF PARTICLES OF SUPERCONDUCTING CUPRATE Y3Ba5Cu8OX BY MEANS OF DIFFERENT METHODS

2020-11-30T12:30:07+02:00

The superconducting cuprate Y₃Ba₅Cu₈O_x was obtained with the help of sol-gel technology (sample C), co-precipitation of hydroxocarbonates (sample B) and solid-phase synthesis methods (A). Based on the results of scanning electron microscopy and methods based on the analysis of X-ray diffraction data: the Williamson-Hall construction and the Scherrer formula, features of the microstructure of the synthesized samples are established. The smallest particle size has a sample that has been synthesized by the sol-gel method. The tendency to aggregation and sedimentation for this sample is the smallest. The sample obtained by the co-precipitation method has larger grains and a higher tendency to aggregate. The size of the microparticles and the tendency to aggregate for the sample synthesized by the solid-phase method are greatest. The morphology of particles was studied using three methods: SEM, Scherrer and Williamson-Hall formulas and the following results were found: particle size depends on the synthesis method, but a relatively narrow size distribution within one synthesis method remains, the value of crystal lattice microdeformation for samples increases in a line: C sample– A sample– B sample. Thus, the work was carried out for determining the size, structure and morphology of superconducting phases. It expands knowledge in the field of research of superconducting compounds

THERMODYNAMIC, THERMAL AND ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF TITANIUM NITRIDE TiN: COMPARISON OF VARIOUS DATA AND DETERMINATION OF THE MOST RELIABLE VALUES

2020-11-30T12:30:07+02:00

The analysis of literary data on thermodynamic, thermal and elastic properties of titanium nitride TiN which included values Debye temperature θ_D, volume coefficient of thermal expansion α_V and bulk modulus B under standard conditions is carried out. It has been shown that the known data have a significant spread of values from 20 to 43 %. The 8 most rational variants of optimizing calculations are proposed, which make it possible to reveal the most reliable values of some TiN parameters. At the same time, the minimum and maximum values of θ_D and α_V were used from literary sources, as well as the least contradictory data on isobaric heat capacity C_p, melting temperature T_m.p and density d of TiN. To improve the calculated results, the values of θ_D(TiN) determined using the methods of Magnus ‒ Lindeman and Debye were also used. The Mayer’s relation was the basic test expression. The obtained values of the bulk modulus were compared with the literature data. This made it possible to distinguish the least and most reliable values of α_V and θ_D, as well as make a refinement correction for the last value. As a result, it was found that under standard conditions, the value of θ_D(TiN) close to the optimal should be within 746‒769 K, and for its isochoric heat capacity C_V ‒ in the range 36.55‒37.19 J/(mol×K). The range of values, after optimization, does not exceed 3 %, unlike the 20 % available in the literature. A more accurate definition of Debye temperature for TiN needs to radically refine the values of its α_V and B

DEVELOPMENT OF A SYSTEM FOR ASSESSING PASSENGER TRAFFIC BASED ON FUZZY LOGIC

2020-11-30T12:30:07+02:00

A methodology has been developed for assessing public transport passenger traffic in the city. A mathematical model based on fuzzy logic is presented. The main criteria for assessing the attractiveness of passenger traffic are: the interval between vehicles, technical condition of the vehicle, route length, time of day. In the mathematical model, all input linguistic variables and output variable, their terms and membership functions are described. A fragment of a fuzzy knowledge base presented in the form of production rules is presented. At the exit, the dispatcher receives an output variable – the degree of confidence in the attractiveness of the route. Based on this assessment, the dispatcher can make a number of necessary changes to improve the functioning of the route. The software is implemented as a web service. This software will be convenient for dispatchers to use for planning public transport routes. Fifteen selected routes were taken for research, which are the most popular in the city. These routes were proposed for evaluation by three controllers. The results obtained from dispatchers were compared with the results of the fuzzy inference implemented in the software. The main advantage of using this software product is the ability to build a dynamic schedule based on the analysis of the dispatcher. This, in turn, will allow passengers to receive a better transportation service within the city

STUDY OF POSSIBILITIES OF JOINT APPLICATION OF PARETO ANALYSIS AND RISK ANALYSIS DURING CORRECTIVE ACTIONS

2020-11-30T12:30:07+02:00

Continuous improvement in the quality management system is based on corrective action. Corrective actions require the identification of priority defects that require priority elimination of the causes of occurrence. The traditional method of prioritization can be considered a Pareto chart, built by the number of identified inconsistencies. This technique makes it possible to prioritize the most frequently detected defects. However, defects that are rare can significantly outweigh those that are often encountered in their consequences. The defect risk is a complex indicator that simultaneously takes into account both the number of detected defects and their impact.

Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) can be used to quantify risk. This technique allows to determine the risk priority number (RPN), taking into account the number of detected defects (O), the consequences of the appearance of a defect (S) and the possibility of timely detection of a defect or cause before the onset of undesirable consequences (D). The priority number of risks numerically characterizes the risks of a defect and can be used as a criterion for determining priority defects. Based on the values of the priority number of risks, a Pareto chart can be built and defects that form 80% of the risk area can be identified. These defects require urgent corrective action.

According to the data taken from production, it is shown that the Pareto analysis by the priority number of risks gives results that differ from the analysis by the number of identified inconsistencies. Application of the proposed approach will allow introducing risk-oriented methods into the procedures for carrying out corrective actions. This will make it possible to direct the resources of the enterprise to eliminate the causes of defects that are actually detected and can have the most significant consequences for consumers of products

MANEUVER FOR STOPPING THE SHIP IN A SET POINT BY ACTIVE OR PASSIVE BRAKING AND CONCIDERING THE CURRENT

2020-11-30T12:30:07+02:00

The article deals with the use of active or passive braking of a ship to stop it at a given point. To substantiate the relevance of the study, an analysis of the literature on the problem of ensuring the safe maneuvering of ships was carried out, in which the issues of theoretical and experimental studies of the turnability of ships, the adequacy of the existing models of turnability to the real process of turning the ship, as well as the development of a system of autopilot control of the ship's heading using the principles of fuzzy logic were considered. Considerable attention is paid to the development of an information system for simulating the movement of ships with complex dynamic models.

The necessary analytical expressions are given that characterize the dependences of the time and the distance traveled to the stop of the ship on the mode of active and passive braking, which are required to solve the problem posed in the work.

A formal description of the maneuver for stopping the ship at a given point by active and passive braking is obtained. This description makes it possible to determine the moment of engine stop in case of passive braking or the moment of its reverse – in case of active braking, provided that the ship is following a heading equal to the bearing to a given point.

Cases of presence and absence of current in the area of ship maneuver are considered. In the case of the presence of a current, two stages of the ship's movement are considered: from the zero moment of time until the moment of the start of braking, when the speed of the ship is unchanged, and the second stage, from the moment of the start of braking until the stop of the ship, when the speed of the ship decreases.

To take into account the flow during braking with an exit to a given point, two methods are proposed. The first one is at a constant flow angle with a lateral displacement relative to the programmed trajectory of motion. And the second – with a variable flow angle at zero displacement relative to it.

A successful check of the correctness of the results obtained by simulation computer modeling of maneuvers for stopping the ship at a given point of braking, taking into account the current, has been carried out

IMPLEMENTATION OF A HYBRID INTERMITTENT HEAT SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

2020-11-30T12:30:07+02:00

The experience of introducing a hybrid intermittent heating system for educational institutions is presented. The analysis of theoretical and experimental research, modern energy technologies for the integration of renewable energy sources into innovative and existing heat supply systems for buildings. The adaptation of modern developments of hybrid systems to buildings operating both in permanent and intermittent operation mode (administrative institutions, educational institutions and other public buildings) has been carried out. The conditions for increasing the efficiency of using heterogeneous renewable energy sources in combined heat supply systems have been established. For the proposed combined heat supply system, a hybrid heat generation is provided using low-potential renewable heat sources in the heat pump cycle and high-potential traditional heat sources in a pellet boiler. A mathematical model of the operating modes of a combined heat supply system using renewable heat sources is proposed, which can be used for numerical modeling of thermal processes in a variable heat supply mode for public buildings. The study of the dynamics of heating the premises when changing the climatic conditions of different regions of Ukraine, including the southern regions, is done. This makes it possible to analyze the efficiency of using alternative energy sources for heat supply and substantiate the conditions for including heat accumulators in the circuit. The research results are relevant because allow to achieve significant energy savings for heat supply of public buildings, characterized by a low level of energy efficiency. The proposed solutions indicate that the combined use of the capabilities of heterogeneous renewable energy sources can be effective only with a hybrid method of heat generation using a heat pump and a pellet boiler, taking into account the operating mode of buildings. As a result of theoretical and experimental studies, it was established: the dynamics of heating and cooling of premises with a high accumulation capacity; the share of replacement of the consumed thermal power in the hybrid use of heat generators. The conditions for the most effective use of heat accumulators in a combined heat supply system have been established. The results obtained make it possible to increase the efficiency of the use of renewable energy sources for public buildings, taking into account the mode of their operation, in which the heat supply system operates in an intermittent mode

ESTABLISHING THE ROTATION SPEED VARIATION RANGE LIMITS FOR AUTO-EXCITATION OF SELF-OSCILLATING GRINDING IN A TUMBLING MILL

2020-11-30T12:30:07+02:00

The influence of the structure of a two-fraction polygranular feed of the chamber on the value of the drum rotation speed at auto-excitation of self-excited oscillations with a maximum swing is considered. Such a pulsating mode of movement of the charge is used in the self-oscillating process of grinding in a tumbling mill. The coarse fraction simulated the grinding bodies was steel bullets with a relative size ψ_db=0.026. The fine fraction, simulated the particles of the crushed material, was a cement clinker with a relative particle size ψ_dm=0.00013. Variable factors of experimental studies were: the degree of filling the chamber in the state of rest κ_br=0.25; 0.29; 0.33 and the degree of filling the gaps between the particles of the coarse fraction with particles of the fine fraction κ_mbgr=0.0625; 0.375; 0.6875; 1. The method of visual analysis of transient processes of self-oscillating modes of feed behavior in the cross section of the rotating drum chamber is applied. Measurements of the speed limits of the drum rotation were carried out with auto-excitation of self-oscillations of the filling. The magnitude of the self-oscillation swing was estimated by the increase in the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the filling dilatancy for one period of pulsations. An increase in the upper limit of the speed range ψ_ω2 with a decrease in κ_br and κ_mbgr was established. The growth rate of ψ_ω2 increases at low values of κ_br and κ_mbgr. Some increase in the lower limit of the ψ_ω1 range with a decrease in κ_b_r and κ_mbgr was revealed. An increase in the range of speeds of rotation was recorded at the maximum range of self-oscillations ψ_ω₁–ψ_ω₂ with a decrease in the connected interaction of the intra-mill filling. This coherent interaction is due to an increase in κ_br and κ_mbgr. The value of the ψ_ω1–ψ_ω2 range varies from 1.01–1.03 at κ_br=0.33 and κ_mbg=1 to 1.22–1.66 at κ_br=0.25 and κ_mbgr=0.0625. The range gets its maximum value with fine and superfine grinding

DETERMINATION OF RATIONAL OPERATING MODES OF OPERATION OF TRACTOR AGRICULTURAL TIRES

2020-11-30T12:30:07+02:00

The efficiency of wheeled agricultural tractors when performing traction technological operations is characterized by two aspects. The first of these is traction efficiency, which mainly depends on the coupling weight of the tractor and the perfection of its running system. Another aspect is environmental friendliness, which is determined by the level of compaction impact on the soil. In general, these aspects are oppositely directed. That is, an increase in traction efficiency requires an increase in the grip weight and, as a consequence, an increase in the radial load on the tires and the internal pressure in them. This leads to an increase in tire pressure on the ground and deterioration in their environmental performance. As a result of excessive soil compaction, the yield of agricultural crops is significantly reduced. To solve this problem, it is necessary to reduce the tire pressure on the ground, which can be achieved by reducing the grip weight or developing and introducing new innovative tire designs. But, even new innovative tire designs have corresponding limitations due to the radial load interval, internal pressure, travel speed and the amount of torque on the wheel. These restrictions form the area of possible operating modes of tractor tires, individual sections of which differ significantly in terms of traction efficiency and environmental friendliness. Within the limits of possible modes of operation of the tire, operating modes must be implemented in areas of high efficiency and environmental friendliness.

The materials of this article are basic in the study and substantiation of rational operating modes of tractor agricultural tires, and also provide prerequisites for the formation of recommendations for improving the traction efficiency and environmental friendliness of wheeled tractors

CURRENT STATE OF APPLIENCE ZIRCONIUM DIOXIDE IN BIOENGINEERING

2020-11-30T12:30:07+02:00

This descriptive review presents current knowledge about the bioengineering use of a zirconium dioxide, the advantages and disadvantages of the material, and the prospects for research in this direction. The work reflects the success of the practical application of the zirconium dioxide as a material for dental structures and biological implants. Such practical characteristics, such as color-stability, chemical stability, good aesthetics, biocompatibility and durability, allowed to actively use the zirconium dioxide as a material for producing various dental structures. In comparison with other ceramics, the presence of high-performance of strength and fracture toughness of the zirconium dioxide enables the use of this material as an alternative material for the reconstructions in the readings with considerable loads. High hardness determines the zirconium dioxide as an excellent material for articular prostheses, because of its hardness, provides a low level of wear and excellent biocompatibility. However, along with positive characteristics, a widespread practical problem of using the zirconium dioxide in dentistry is a chip or fracture of veneering ceramics. It has also been reported that there is a shortage of orthopedic implants such as hydrothermal stability. The solution of such problems is indicated and the use of composite materials based on the zirconium dioxide, which allows to solve a similar problem, as well as to increase the service life and reliability of orthopedic implants by providing a higher fracture toughness and mechanical strength. The existence of such composite materials based on the zirconium dioxide provides a significant increase in the wear resistance of orthopedic implants, which is essential for successful prosthetics