TOXICOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF COMBINED FUNGICIDES PROPOSED FOR APPLICATION ON CEREAL SPIKED CROPS IN UKRAINE

Toxicological assessment of combined fungicides proposed for application on cereal spiked crops in Ukraine was performed according approved State Sanitary Norms and Rules. Statistics, bibliographical methods were used in the study. The classes of hazard were established after evaluation of toxicometry parameters, which included assessment of acute oral toxicity, acute dermal toxicity, acute inhalation toxicity, irritation potential to eyes (mucous membranes) and skin, and sensitizing properties. Integral hazard class of the studied formulations was established. Formulations No.1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 can be pertained to integral hazard class 2 by acute inhalation toxicity as limiting criterion of hazard (formulation No.1 also has additional point of concern – its irritation of the skin and eyes). Formulation No.4, 6 and 8 were classified as integral hazard class 3 by the same limiting criterion of hazard, but the danger of formulation No.4 possibility to cause sensitization and irritation of the eyes was taken into account. Recommendations for the studied combined fungicides application in agricultural sector of Ukraine were given. Maximum daily time of contact with formulations for workers engaged in its application on cereal spiked crops was suggested. 4 hours per day were approved for formulations No.1,2,3,5 and 7, and 6 hours per day for No. 6 and 8, respectively


Introduction
Estimation of toxic properties of active substances and pesticidal formulations on its basis is the one of the most important stages of registration studies.Assessment of the safety of plant protection chemicals in Ukraine is carried out on the basis of a systematic approach using the principles of the modern approved toxicological classification of pesticides [1].The integral safety class of a specific formulation is established on the basis of hygienic and toxicometric indices as well as longterm exposure indices taking into account the limiting criteria of hazard.It is the results of toxicological studies that are the basis for the development of hygienic standards and preventive measures that can guarantee safety for the population and workers engaged in application of these substances.
The aim of the study is to carry out toxicological assessment of combined fungicides proposed for application on cereal spiked crops in Ukraine.
The task of the study is to perform evaluation of the formulations safety based on the induced toxic effects in mammals.

Methods
Department of hygiene and ecology No. 1 and Institute of hygiene and ecology of Bogomolets National medical University was the base for research.
The studies were conducted in 2015-2017.Toxicological, statistics, bibliographical methods were used in the study.Evaluation of the formulation safety was carried out based on the induced toxic effects in mammals, and after we carried out a comparative toxicological evaluation.In the course of our research, we studied fungicides on the basis of active substances with the physicochemical properties listed in Table 1.
The content of active substances in the formulations studied is shown in Table 2.

Discussion
Integral hazard class of the studied combined fungicides was established.Formulations No. 1-3, 5 and 7 can be pertained to integral hazard class 2 by acute inhalation toxicity as limiting criterion of hazard (formulation No. 1 also has additional point of concern -its irritation of the skin and eyes).Formulation No. 4, 6 and 8 were classified as integral hazard class 3 by the same limiting criterion of hazard, but the danger of formulation No. 4 possibility to cause sensitization and irritation of the eyes was taken into account.
Abovementioned allowed us to substantiate maximum daily time of contact with formulations for workers engaged in its application on cereal spiked crops.4 hours per day were approved for formulations No. 1-3, 5 and 7, and 6 hours per day for No. 6 and 8, respectively.
Another recommendation was given and approved for formulation No. 4 due to its irritating and sensitizing properties and for No. 1 due to its irritating potential (label of its should contain information and special signs on the packaging).

Mykola Kondratiuk
Postgraduate student 1 Anna Blagaia PhD, Associate Professor 1  anna.blagaia@nmu.ua 1 Department of hygiene and ecology No. 1 Bogomolets National Medical University 13 T. Shevchenko blvd., Kyiv, Ukraine, 01601 Abstract: Toxicological assessment of combined fungicides proposed for application on cereal spiked crops in Ukraine was performed according approved State Sanitary Norms and Rules.Statistics, bibliographical methods were used in the study.The classes of hazard were established after evaluation of toxicometry parameters, which included assessment of acute oral toxicity, acute dermal toxicity, acute inhalation toxicity, irritation potential to eyes (mucous membranes) and skin, and sensitizing properties.Integral hazard class of the studied formulations was established.Formulations No. 1-3, 5 and 7 can be pertained to integral hazard class 2 by acute inhalation toxicity as limiting criterion of hazard (formulation No. 1 also has additional point of concern -its irritation of the skin and eyes).Formulation No.4, 6 and 8 were classified as integral hazard class 3 by the same limiting criterion of hazard, but the danger of formulation No. 4 possibility to cause sensitization and irritation of the eyes was taken into account.Recommendations for the studied combined fungicides application in agricultural sector of Ukraine were given.Maximum daily time of contact with formulations for workers engaged in its application on cereal spiked crops was suggested.4 hours per day were approved for formulations No. 1-3, 5 and 7, and 6 hours per day for No. 6 and 8, respectively.Keywords: combined fungicides, acute oral, dermal, inhalation toxicity, irritation potential, and sensitization.Skin irritant New Zealand rabbits moderate irritant [2] non irritant [4] non irritant [4] non irritant [4] Eye irritant New Zealand rabbits extreme irritant [1] mild irritant [3] non irritant [4] extreme irritant [1] Skin sensitizer Guinea pig mild allergen [3] non sensitizer [4] non sensitizer [4] moderate allergen [2] Studied Skin irritant New Zealand rabbits mild irritant [3] mild irritant [3] non irritant [4] non irritant [4] Eye irritant New Zealand rabbits mild irritant [3] mild irritant [3] non irritant [4] non irritant [3] Skin sensitizer Guinea pig non sensitizer [4] non sensitizer [4] non sensitizer [4] non sensitizer [4] Note: «-» was not studied due to physicochemical properties (class of hazard was established by active substances class)