ASSESSMENT OF THE DEPENDENCE OF THE CLINICAL MANIFESTATION OF ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS CAUSED BY ROTAVIRUS ON ITS GENOTYPES
Abstract
The leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children is rotavirus. In different countries, different rotavirus genotypes prevail and are associated with different severity of disease.
The purpose of our study was to identify the distribution of rotavirus genotypes in Kyiv, Ukraine, and to determine the correlation between the genotypes and course of disease.
Materials and methods. 978 children under 5 years of age were examined with АGE symptoms and not vaccinated against rotavirus. Determination of rotavirus antigen and genotype were performed using the immunoenzymatic assay and real-time RT-PCR.
We assessed the demographics, clinical manifestations of AGE, the Vesikari scale AGE severity.
Results. The G4P[8] genotype prevailed in Ukraine during 2014-2018. The G1P[8] was the second most common. G9P8 was the third, the fourth place was shared by G2P[4] and G3P[8]. Fever, as a manifestation, was more pronounced in G1P[8] and G3P[9].
The highest number of vomiting episodes per day occurred in the G1P[8] and G4P[8]-related cases.
Maximum of diarrhea episodes per day was observed in genotypes G1P[8], G3P[8], G4P[8] and G9P[8].
Mucus and blood in stool were found in genotypes G3P[8] (1/33.33 %), G4P[8] – blood (1/2.27 %).
The children with genotypes G1P[8] and G4P[8] had catarrhal symptoms.
More cases of moderate and severe dehydration, occurred in the G4P[8].
The Vesikari scale analysis showed that only G1P[8] led to mild cases(3.57 %). The most widespread genotypes, G1P[8] and G4P[8], led to a moderate illness in 14.29 % and 13.56 % cases, respectively, and to a severe illness in 82.14 % and 86.44 % cases, respectively.
Conclusions. G4P[8] was associated with the most severe disease due to more frequent and prolonged vomiting, febrile fever and bloody diarrhea. G1P[8] and G4P[8] were associated with catarrh.
Downloads
References
Dadonaite, B., Ritchie, H., Roser, M. (2019). Diarrheal diseases. Our World Data. Available at: https://ourworldindata.org/diarrheal-diseases
Global Introduction Status (2020). Rota Council. Available at: https://rotacouncil.org/vaccine-introduction/global-introduction-status/
Santos, N., Hoshino, Y. (2004). Global distribution of rotavirus serotypes/genotypes and its implication for the development and implementation of an effective rotavirus vaccine. Reviews in Medical Virology, 15 (1), 29–56. doi: http://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.448
Shaheen, M. N. (2018). Burden of Adenovirus, Astrovirus, Norovirus and Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Egyptian Children during 2000-2017. Journal of Medical Microbiology Diagnosis, 7 (3). doi: http://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0703.1000283
Kiseleva, V., Faizuloev, E., Meskina, E., Marova, A., Oksanich, A., Samartseva, T. et. al. (2018). Molecular-Genetic Characterization of Human Rotavirus A Strains Circulating in Moscow, Russia (2009–2014). Virologica Sinica, 33 (4), 304–313. doi: http://doi.org/10.1007/s12250-018-0043-0
Santos, V. S., Marques, D. P., Martins-Filho, P. R. S., Cuevas, L. E., Gurgel, R. Q. (2016). Effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines against rotavirus infection and hospitalization in Latin America: systematic review and meta-analysis. Infectious Diseases of Poverty, 5 (1). doi: http://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-016-0173-2
Chernyshova, L. I., Radionova, N. M., Demchyshyna, I. V., Kotlik, L. S., Sadkova, O. B., Samoilovich, E. O. et. al. (2018). Observations on the epidemiology of rotavirus infection among hospitalized children younger than 5 years in 2 Ukrainian hospitals, 2007–2015. Vaccine, 36 (51), 7798–7804. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.11.044
Saluja, T., Dhingra, M. S., Sharma, S. D., Gupta, M., Kundu, R., Kar, S. et. al. (2016). Association of rotavirus strains and severity of gastroenteritis in Indian children. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 13 (3), 711–716. doi: http://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2016.1238994
Shim, J. O., Chang, J. Y., Shin, S., Moon, J. S., Ko, J. S. (2016). Changing distribution of age, clinical severity, and genotypes of rotavirus gastroenteritis in hospitalized children after the introduction of vaccination: a single center study in Seoul between 2011 and 2014. BMC Infectious Diseases, 16 (1). doi: http://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-016-1623-y
Cubitt, W. D., Steele, A. D., Iturriza, M. (2000). Characterisation of rotaviruses from children treated at a London hospital during 1996: emergence of strains G9P2A[6] and G3P2A[6]. Journal of Medical Virology, 61 (1), 150–154. doi: http://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9071(200005)61:1<150::aid-jmv24>3.0.co;2-w
Clark, H. F., Lawley, D. A., Schaffer, A., Patacsil, J. M., Marcello, A. E., Glass, R. I. et. al. (2004). Assessment of the Epidemic Potential of a New Strain of Rotavirus Associated with the Novel G9 Serotype Which Caused an Outbreak in the United States for the First Time in the 1995-1996 Season. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 42 (4), 1434–1438. doi: http://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.42.4.1434-1438.2004
Sudarmo, S., Shigemura, K., Athiyyah, A., Osawa, K., Wardana, O., Darma, A. et. al. (2015). Genotyping and clinical factors in pediatric diarrhea caused by rotaviruses: one-year surveillance in Surabaya, Indonesia. Gut Pathogens, 7 (1), 3. doi: http://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-015-0048-2
Ruuska, T., Vesikari, T. (1990). Rotavirus Disease in Finnish Children: Use of Numerical Scores for Clinical Severity of Diarrhoeal Episodes. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 22 (3), 259–267. doi: http://doi.org/10.3109/00365549009027046
Vesikari, T., Matson, D. O., Dennehy, P., Van Damme, P., Santosham, M., Rodriguez, Z. (2006). Safety and Efficacy of a Pentavalent Human–Bovine (WC3) Reassortant Rotavirus Vaccine. New England Journal of Medicine, 354 (1), 23–33. doi: http://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa052664
Ruiz-Palacios, G. M., Pérez-Schael, I., Velázquez, F. R., Abate, H., Breuer, T., Clemens, S. C. et. al. (2006). Safety and Efficacy of an Attenuated Vaccine against Severe Rotavirus Gastroenteritis. New England Journal of Medicine, 354 (1), 11–22. doi: http://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa052434
Tian, Y., Chughtai, A. A., Gao, Z., Yan, H., Chen, Y., Liu, B. et. al. (2018). Prevalence and genotypes of group A rotavirus among outpatient children under five years old with diarrhea in Beijing, China, 2011–2016. BMC Infectious Diseases, 18 (1). doi: http://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-018-3411-3
Chernyshova, L. I., Teslenko, M. Y., Radionova, N. M., Demchishina, I. V., Kotlik, L. V., Sadkova, O. B. et. al. (2017). Longitudinal Observation on Rotavirus Infection in Children Aged under 5 Years Old Hospitalized in 2 Hospitals of Ukraine in 2006–2015. Child`s health, 7 (75), 117–123. doi: http://doi.org/10.22141/2224-0551.7.75.2016.86736
Grimprel, E., Rodrigo, C., Desselberger, U. (2008). Rotavirus Disease: Impact of Coinfections. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 27, 3–10. doi: http://doi.org/10.1097/inf.0b013e31815eedfa
Souza, E. C., Martinez, M. B., Taddei, C. R., Mukai, L., Gilio, A. E., Racz, M. L. et. al. (2002). Perfil etiológico das diarréias agudas de crianças atendidas em São Paulo. Jornal de Pediatria, 78 (1). doi: http://doi.org/10.1590/s0021-75572002000100008
Morris, A. P., Estes, M. K. (2001). Microbes and microbial toxins: paradigms for microbial-mucosal interactions. VIII. Pathological consequences of rotavirus infection and its enterotoxin. American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 281 (2), G303–G310. doi: http://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.2001.281.2.g303
Lundgren, O., Svensson, L. (2001). Pathogenesis of Rotavirus diarrhea. Microbes and Infection, 3 (13), 1145–1156. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/s1286-4579(01)01475-7
Crawford, S. E., Ramani, S., Tate, J. E., Parashar, U. D., Svensson, L., Hagbom, M. et. al. (2017). Rotavirus infection. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 3 (1). doi: http://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2017.83
Wardana, O. P., Athiyyah, A. F., Budiono, Soedirham, O., Soegijanto, S. (2015). The Role of Rotavirus Genotype in the Severity of Acute Diarrhea in Children Under 5 Years Old at Surabaya, Indonesia. Journal of Human Virology & Retrovirology, 2 (2). doi: http://doi.org/10.15406/jhvrv.2015.02.00039
Copyright (c) 2020 Mariia Teslenko, Lyudmila Chernyshova
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Our journal abides by the Creative Commons CC BY copyright rights and permissions for open access journals.
Authors, who are published in this journal, agree to the following conditions:
1. The authors reserve the right to authorship of the work and pass the first publication right of this work to the journal under the terms of a Creative Commons CC BY, which allows others to freely distribute the published research with the obligatory reference to the authors of the original work and the first publication of the work in this journal.
2. The authors have the right to conclude separate supplement agreements that relate to non-exclusive work distribution in the form in which it has been published by the journal (for example, to upload the work to the online storage of the journal or publish it as part of a monograph), provided that the reference to the first publication of the work in this journal is included.